Alternating and Direct Current
Es gibt zwei Arten von elektrischen Signalen: Wechselstrom (AC) und Gleichstrom (DC).Beim Wechselstrom ändert sich die Flussrichtung des Stroms im Stromkreis ständig. Man könnte sogar sagen, dass er seine Richtung wechselt. Die Rate dieses Richtungswechsels wird in Hertz gemessen, was die Anzahl der Wechsel pro Sekunde angibt. Wenn also gesagt wird, dass die Netzspannung in den USA 60 Hz beträgt, bedeutet das, dass der Strom 120-mal pro Sekunde die Richtung wechselt (zweimal pro Zyklus).
Beim Gleichstrom hingegen fließt der Strom in einer einzigen Richtung zwischen der Stromquelle und der Masse. In diesem Fall gibt es immer eine positive “Seite” und eine Masse (0V). Dies kann mit einem Multimeter überprüft werden, indem man beispielsweise die Spannung einer Batterie misst. Apropos Spannung: Elektrizität wird typischerweise durch Spannung und Stromstärke definiert. Die Spannung wird in Volt (V) gemessen, die Stromstärke in Ampere (A). Eine neue 9V-Batterie hätte beispielsweise eine Spannung von 9V und eine Stromstärke von etwa 500mA (500 Milliampere).
Elektrizität kann auch anhand von Widerstand und Leistung (Watt) beschrieben werden. Beim Arbeiten mit Elektronik stößt man auf Bauteile mit bestimmten Watt-Angaben. Es ist wichtig, die maximale Leistung eines Bauteils nicht zu überschreiten. Glücklicherweise lässt sich die Leistung eines Gleichstromnetzteils einfach berechnen, indem man die Spannung mit der Stromstärke multipliziert. Dazu aber später!
In diesem Video erkläre ich dir kurz was der Unterschied zwischen AC und DC ist.
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